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The Gaza Strip is a coastal territory spanning 140 square miles (363 square km) along the Mediterranean Sea, northeast of the Sinai Peninsula. Characterized by its densely settled population, the area was first accurately surveyed in a census conducted in September 1967. As of 2023, the estimated population is approximately 2,226,544.

The Gaza Strip lies on a flat coastal plain, experiencing mild temperatures of about 13 °C during winter and warmer conditions, reaching mid- to upper-20s C in summer. The region receives about 300 mm of precipitation annually, contributing to its agricultural productivity.

Agriculture serves as the primary economic activity for the employed population, with nearly three-fourths of the land under cultivation. Citrus fruits, the chief crop, are grown on irrigated lands and exported to various international markets. Additionally, truck crops, wheat, and olives are significant agricultural products. Light industry and handicrafts also play an important role in the local economy, particularly in Gaza, the area’s principal city.